El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia.
A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.
Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra.
Ejemplos:
“I am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?,” él preguntó.)
Alice said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?”(Chris preguntó, “¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Present Simple
Past Simple
“He is American,” she said.
She said he was American.
“I am happy to see you,” Mary said.
Mary said that she was happy to see me.
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?”
He asked me if I was busy that night.
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
“Dan is living in San Francisco,” she said.
She said Dan was living in San Francisco.
He said, “I’m making dinner.”
He told me that he was making dinner.
“Why are you working so hard?” they asked.
They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past Simple
Past Perfect Simple
“We went to the movies last night,” he said.
He told me they had gone to the movies the night before.
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.”
Greg said that he hadn’t goneto work the day before.
“Did you buy a new car?” she asked.
She asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
“I was working late last night,” Vicki said.
Vicki told me she’d been working late the night before.
They said, “we weren’t waiting long.”
They said that they hadn’t been waiting long.
He asked, “were you sleepingwhen I called?”
He asked if I’d been sleepingwhen he called.
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.”
Heather told me that she’dalready eaten.
“We haven’t been to China,” they said.
They said they hadn’t been to China.
“Have you worked here before?” I asked.
I asked her whether she’d worked there before.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
“I’ve been studying English for two years,” he said.
He said he’d been studyingEnglish for two years.
Steve said, “we’ve been datingfor over a year now.”
Steve told me that they’d been dating for over a year.
“Have you been waitinglong?” they asked.
They asked whether I’d been waiting long.
Past Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple (NO CHANGE)
“I’d been to Chicago before for work,” he said.
He said that he’d been to Chicago before for work.
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)
She said, “I’d been dancingfor years before the accident.”
She said she’d been dancingfor years before the accident.
ASK,SAY,TELL En español podemos traducir “say” o “tell” como “decir”, pero en inglés se usan estos verbos de maneras distintas . Hay unas reglas que indican el uso de uno u otro, aunque en general usamos “ say ” para “decir algo” y “ tell ” para “decir algo a alguien.” Say Se usa “ say ” en el estilo directo y el indirecto. Si queremos usar “ say ” con un objeto personal, necesitamos usar la preposición “ to ”. Ejemplos: Estilo directo “I’m hungry,” he said . (“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.) “I need your help,” Glen said to Mike. (“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.) Estilo indirecto He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.) Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.) Tell También se puede usar “ tell ” con el estilo directo y el indirecto, aunque el uso con el estilo directo no es tan común. Cuando usamos “ tell ” necesitamos usar un objeto indirecto qu...
reported question 1. El verbo cambia como en ‘reported speech’ . 2. Siempre se pone el sujeto antes del verbo en ‘reported questions’ y nunca se usa el auxiliar do/does/did. Ejemplo: What did you do yesterday? He asked me what I had done yesterday. 3. En yes/no preguntas se usa if o whether Las oraciones interrogativas indirectas deben ir introducidas por los verbos: ask someone → preguntarle a alguien not know something / someone → no saber algo / no conocer a alguien want to know something → querer saber algo wonder something → preguntarse algo • Los cambios de los tiempos verbales son los mismos que para las oraciones declarativas indirectas . Las PREGUNTAS INDIRECTAS tiene...
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